The introduction of perovskite solar cells
Perovskite solar cells are a new type of compound thin-film solar cells that use perovskite-type materials as the light-absorbing layer.
The structure of perovskite cells consists of several key components: a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. These components work together to enable perovskite cells to effectively absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy.
Transparent Conductive Substrate: This forms the base of the perovskite cell and is typically made from materials such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO), which have high transparency and good conductivity. Its primary role is to introduce sunlight and collect the generated current. The choice of transparent conductive substrate is crucial to the performance of perovskite solar cells, as it affects both the incident light and the extraction of current.
Electron Transport Layer: Located between the transparent conductive substrate and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, its main role is to transport electrons. Common materials for the electron transport layer include titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), which have good electron mobility and stability, helping to transfer the electrons generated in the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the transparent conductive substrate.
Perovskite Light-Absorbing Layer: This is the core component of perovskite solar cells, mainly composed of organic halide perovskite materials with an ABX3 structure. These materials have excellent optoelectronic conversion properties and can effectively convert the energy from sunlight into electrical energy. The preparation process and performance of the perovskite light-absorbing layer are critical to the overall performance of perovskite solar cells.
Hole Transport Layer: Positioned between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the metal electrode, its main function is to transport holes.
Metal Electrode: This is the final part of the perovskite solar cell, responsible for charge transport and connecting to the external circuit. It is typically made by vapor-depositing a layer of gold, silver, or aluminum over the hole transport layer to enhance the conductivity of the electrode.
Perovskite solar cell structures are varied, and each has its unique characteristics and suitable application scenarios. These include mesoporous structures, planar structures, and inverted planar structures.
This is an introduction to perovskite solar cells by Hengyuantai.